An ovarian cyst is a fluid filled sac that forms either inside or outside an ovary. Most often, ovarian cysts do not cause any symptoms. In some cases they may get twisted and cause pain in the lower abdomen which may be felt on either or both the sides of the abdomen. Cysts that grow very large may also cause a feeling of pressure in the abdomen. If they press against the bladder or the bowels they may cause problems while urinating.
A doctor suspecting an ovarian cyst will perform a pelvic examination. Routine pelvic scans frequently reveal the presence of ovarian cysts when there are no symptoms. A pelvic ultrasound scan may also be required to confirm a diagnosis of ovarian cysts.
A procedure known as an ovarian cystectomy may be performed if:
An ovarian cystectomy is the term used for the surgical removal of an ovarian cyst. The procedure is performed using a technique known as exploratory laparotomy. The doctor may also recommend the removal of the affected ovary using a technique known as pelvic laparoscopy. Other procedures may also be required in case the cysts are caused by a condition known as polycystic ovary disease.
Women who develop cysts while they are still having their menstrual periods will most likely go away. By comparison, post-menopausal women have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Certain complications may develop depending on the underlying cause of the cyst. These complications may occur in the case of cysts that:
An ovarian cystectomy is usually performed when a cyst is causing problems and to rule out ovarian cancer. It is usually advised if:
In removing a cyst using laparoscopy, the surgeon will make a small incision in the abdomen. This procedure is usually performed when cancer is not suspected. Since the incision is small, recovery time is shorter with fewer chances of complications and the patient can resume normal activities within a day.
A laparatomy on the other hand is performed using a larger incision. Either technique may be used to diagnose cases of ovarian cysts, but a laparatomy is preferred if the doctor suspects cancer. Since the abdominal incision is larger, it affords a much better view to the surgeon of the abdominal organs and the female pelvic organs. This enables him to check visually for signs of cancer. If cancer is detected, it can be removed during the procedure. After a laparatomy you may be required to stay in the hospital for a few days. Normal activity can be resumed within 4 to 6 weeks of the surgery.
Non-cancerous cysts can be removed during a cystectomy without harming the ovary. This helps to preserve reproductive ability and is of special importance in the case of women who are of child bearing age. However, cancerous or pre-cancerous cysts may have to be removed along with one or both the ovaries.
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