A blood protein test, also often known as a total blood serum protein test, is performed to measure the amount of protein present in the blood. This test is to primarily establish the quantities of albumin and globulin present in the blood stream.
Both albumin and globulin are important proteins that are synthesized in the body. Albumin is synthesized in the body and provides a thickness to the blood so that the blood doesn't leak out of the vessels. This protein also helps in tissue growth and repair and is instrumental in transporting chemicals throughout the body through blood. Globulins are synthesized both by the liver and the immune system. These globulins can easily bind with the hemoglobin to transport important minerals that help keep the body's natural defenses up.
It is important to find out the protein quantity in the blood serum because both albumin and globulin are important for the normal functioning of the body. Abnormal levels of albumin may effect the functioning of both the liver and the kidneys. If you have been experiencing edema of swelling in the abdomen and pulmonary edema, there may be deficiency of albumin in your blood.
Similarly, the globulins are tested to check for the amount of protein present in the blood. Since the globulins are responsible for the transport of minerals that increase the body's immunity, a deficiency of the globulins can cause infections. For detection of rare blood diseases like multiple myeloma, protein levels need to be ascertained.
Another protein, usually found in the lens of the eyes, is critical in the prevention of serious diseases. To counter the inflammation and damage in the disease multiple sclerosis, protein called alpha B-crystallin is required.
There are various types of protein testing. A kind of protein, known as the C Reactive Protein, is also present in the blood. This protein increases in quantity as a response to inflammation in the body. The C Reactive Protein test is conducted to find out the progress of various diseases.
Some of the common CRP protein tests are ELISA, immunodiffusion, immunoturbidimetry and visual agglutination. A recent study has found that with the help of a newly identified Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) protein, rheumatoid arthritis can be cured.
The blood serum protein is checked for the progression of all these diseases. Due to the deficiency of protein, heart attack can also be caused. Therefore, doctors may suggest a regular monitoring of protein in the blood.